Research on the human microbiome has gained increasing attention in recent years, including use in the cosmetics field. While in former times this topic was primarily discussed in nutritional research or gastroenterology, however in the past few years there have been an increasing number of studies about the microbial colonization of skin. The skin microbiome, which also includes the scalp and mucous membranes, has become an extremely popular research topic and many products in the market are capitalizing on this to generate new claims.

However, several new terms or concepts have been introduced or adopted from other industry sectors and have been carried over or adapted for the cosmetics field. This has caused confusion because these concepts or terms are not always used consistently or are understood to mean different things.

This article looks at the skin microbiome from a scientific perspective and is an aid to explain the terms and concepts used at present. It aims to provide clarity and cause for thought and is not intended to provide a conclusive assessment. Specific terminology that arises repeatedly regarding the topic of the skin microbiome is explained at the end.